MORROW×Dr Ari SahebkashafLongevity Physician · Metabolic Reset · Session 4: Sleep
REM 0
DEEP 0
Welcome · Grounding pause

Tonight we make it personal

You've watched the science. For the next 90 minutes we apply it — to your nights. We begin the way every good night should: by slowing down.

Press start when everyone is settled
Foundations · How sleep actually works

Three ideas before we play

The mechanisms from the pre-session video, brought to life. Walk the room through each — these are the foundations every game tonight builds on.

Two independent systems decide when you sleep. Process S is sleep pressure — adenosine builds in the brain every hour you're awake. Process C is your circadian clock — a wave of alertness set by light. The blue band is your sleep drive: how far pressure has climbed above the clock's alertness signal. In the evening a "second wind" of circadian alertness can mask high pressure (why you get tired then perk up at 10pm); when that wave finally drops, the pent-up pressure floods in and you feel sleepy. Drag the slider or press play.

7a11a3p7p11p3a7a asleep
7 a.m. You wake. Pressure (S) is near zero — you slept it off. Circadian alertness (C) is climbing.
Sleep pressure (S) low · Circadian alertness (C) low · Net sleep drive low
7:00 AM
Process S — sleep pressureProcess C — circadian alertnessSleep drive

One night is roughly five 90-minute cycles. Deep sleep (N3) dominates the first half — physical repair and the brain wash. REM expands toward morning — emotion and memory. Lose the last cycles (a late night, a phone, an early alarm) and you lose mostly REM. Tap a stage to see its job.

N3N2N1REMWake0h1h2h3h4h5h6h7h
N3
Deep sleep

"The healer." Front-loaded into the first half. Blood pressure and breathing drop; growth hormone is released; the glymphatic wash runs. Physical repair lives here.

N2
Core sleep

"The foundation." About half the night. Sleep spindles fire — short bursts that consolidate motor memory and block out noise.

N1
Light transition

"The gateway." The brief drift from wake to sleep. Easily disturbed; only a small slice of the night.

REM
Dream sleep

"The therapist." Expands toward morning. Emotional regulation, complex memory and creativity. Muscles are paralysed so you don't act out dreams.

Discovered in 2012, the glymphatic system is the brain's waste-clearance plumbing. During deep sleep, brain cells shrink and cerebrospinal fluid floods through, flushing out metabolic waste — including beta-amyloid, the plaque linked to Alzheimer's. It runs up to 10× faster asleep than awake. Flip the switch and watch.

0
waste cleared

This is why sleep sits at the centre of the Metabolic Reset. Sleep isn't separate from metabolism — it regulates it. A single short night measurably shifts the hormones that control blood sugar, hunger and fat storage. Toggle between a rested night and one short night and watch your metabolic dials move.

Insulin sensitivityin range
Glucose left in bloodin range
Ghrelin — the "eat" signalin range
Leptin — the "full" signalin range
Evening cortisolin range
Cravings for calorie-dense foodin range

Insulin sensitivity, appetite hormones and evening cortisol all stay in a healthy range when you're rested.

How tonight works

This is a lab, not a lecture

You've done the watching. Tonight we play, test and build — together. We split the room into two teams who'll earn points across three game rounds, explore a few live experiments, then finish on the mat in the studio.

Team REM

Named for the dreaming, memory-and-emotion stage that expands toward morning. Pick a name-caller and back your gut.

Team DEEP

Named for the deep, restorative stage that repairs the body in the first half of the night. Loudest agreement wins the round.

01
Round 1 · The StakesGuess the number — the real cost of a bad night.
02
Round 2 · Sleep IQTrue or false, teams alternate.
03
The LabsBreak a night live; track your caffeine.
04
Round 3 · If–ThenRehearse the nights that go wrong.
05
Build & unwindYour plan, then restorative yoga.
Phones away — gut instinct only
Talk it out — decide as a team
No wrong answers — only better sleep
Round 1 · Guess the number

The price of a bad night

Each team writes a number. Closest guess takes the point. No phones — gut instinct only.

Question 1 of 4
After one week of 4-hour nights, healthy young adults showed blood-glucose profiles classed as pre-diabetic. By what percentage did their glucose clearance slow?
%

Cells stop responding to insulin after sleep restriction. Glucose lingers in the bloodstream, damaging tissue and promoting fat storage — in one week, in healthy adults.

1Glucose
2Appetite
3Immunity
4Performance
Round 2 · Sleep IQ

True or false?

Now you're equipped. Teams alternate — discuss for 15 seconds, commit, then we reveal the why.

Question 1 of 6 · Team REM answers
Naps longer than 30 minutes improve night-time sleep quality.
NOT QUITE — the answer is FALSE

Long naps drain adenosine — your sleep pressure — making it harder to fall and stay asleep at night. A 20-minute nap boosts alertness without the cost.

Night Lab · Break the night

Sabotage a night of sleep — live

A healthy 8 hours in bed: five cycles, alarm fixed. Flip the habits your group actually does and watch the architecture buckle. Your alarm doesn't move — so what you lose comes off the REM-rich morning.

Phone in bedScrolling under the covers, lights out.
Coffee at 4 PMA flat white to push through the afternoon.
Two drinks with dinnerA couple of glasses of wine in the evening.
Big meal at 9 PMA late, heavy dinner close to bed.
Weekend lie-insSleeping in 2–3 hours on weekends.
N3 deepN2N1REMAwake0h1h2h3h4h5h6h7h
7.5h
Time asleep
20%
Deep N3
24%
REM
87
Restoration score
What's happening tonight
  • A clean night. Flip a saboteur to see its effect on the architecture.
Night Lab · The 6-hour half-life

Your last cup is still here

Go around the room: what was your last caffeinated drink today, when, and how many? Pick it below and watch the milligrams still circulating at bedtime.

Your last drink
Espresso63mg
🥛Flat white130mg
🍵Brewed tea45mg
🥤Can of cola34mg
Energy drink160mg
🍃Matcha70mg
A cafe double-shot: a lot of caffeine late in the day.
How many
1 cup
0681378:00 AM12:00 PM4:00 PM8:00 PM12:00 AM4:00 AM comfort zone · ~50 mgideal last cup bedtime 49 mg active
49 mg
Still active at bedtime
Borderline
Versus the comfort zone
1:30 PM
Ideal last-cup time
There's no single "safe blood level" — sensitivity is genetic (the CYP1A2 gene) and caffeine's half-life ranges from 2 to 10 hours, longer in pregnancy or on the contraceptive pill. The practical evidence is about timing: a 2023 review found a regular coffee should be your last cup about 9 hours before bed to avoid measurable sleep loss. As a working target, aim to be under ~50 mg on board at lights-out. Your cup at 2:00 PM is about 0.5 h short of that buffer. Daily ceiling for most adults: 400 mg.
When sleep fights back

The common real-world struggles

The protocol is the foundation — but some nights have a medical story behind them. Here's what's actually happening, and what the evidence says to reach for first.

What it is

Insomnia is a daytime problem too

Clinical insomnia means trouble falling or staying asleep at least three nights a week for three months or more, with daytime consequences. The engine is usually conditioned arousal: after enough bad nights, the bed itself becomes a cue for wakefulness and worry. You're tired — but the moment your head hits the pillow, you're wired.

That's why "just try harder to sleep" backfires. Effort is arousal. The fix isn't more willpower, it's retraining the association.

First-line treatment

CBT-I — before the pill bottle

Every major guideline (the ACP, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, and the 2023 European guideline) names Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia as the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia — ahead of medication. It's typically 4–8 sessions and the gains last after treatment ends, which pills don't deliver.

  • Stimulus control — bed is for sleep only; out of bed if awake beyond ~20 min.
  • Sleep restriction — temporarily trim time in bed to rebuild sleep pressure and efficiency.
  • Cognitive work — defuse the catastrophic "I'll never cope tomorrow" thoughts.
  • Relaxation + hygiene — the breathwork and environment pieces you'll practise tonight.
Medication, if used, is meant to be short-term — guidelines suggest no more than ~4 weeks.
Why it happens

The perimenopausal 3 a.m. wake-up

Around a quarter of women report severe sleep symptoms in the menopause transition. It's not in their heads — it's hormonal. As estrogen and progesterone fluctuate and decline, several systems that hold sleep together come loose at once:

  • Thermoregulation destabilises — falling estrogen triggers hot flushes and night sweats. Even subclinical flushes cause micro-arousals that fragment sleep, clustering in the lighter early-morning hours.
  • The natural sedative fades — progesterone boosts GABA (your calming system) via allopregnanolone. As it drops, the brain gets more excitable at night.
  • Wake signals amplify — rising night-time norepinephrine and a shifting clock mean normal stirrings become full awakenings.
  • Apnoea risk rises — hormonal change affects airway stability, so snoring or witnessed pauses deserve a check.
What helps

It responds to treatment

The frustrating part is the unpredictability. The reassuring part is that it's treatable — and not only with hormones.

  • CBT-I works regardless of cause — it improves perimenopausal insomnia whether or not hot flushes are present, and the effect is durable.
  • Keep the bedroom genuinely cool — pre-empt the flush; breathable bedding, layered so you can shed fast.
  • Hormone therapy is a real option — estrogen, often with micronised progesterone (which has its own sleep-promoting effect), can improve sleep continuity. A personalised discussion with your doctor, weighing your history.
  • Protect the basics harder — caffeine timing, alcohol and consistency matter more now, not less.
If snoring or breathing pauses feature, ask about a sleep study — apnoea and insomnia are different problems.

What people reach for at 2 a.m. — and what the evidence actually says. None of this replaces a conversation with your doctor, especially alongside other medications.

Melatonin Use it right

A clock signal, not a sedative

Melatonin tells your brain it's night — it doesn't knock you out. The effect on falling asleep is modest (meta-analyses show it shaves only a handful of minutes). It shines for circadian problems: jet lag, shift work, delayed sleep phase, and age-related decline.

  • A low, early dose (0.5–1 mg) a few hours before bed beats the 5–10 mg most shops sell.
  • Supplement potency is poorly regulated — actual content varies widely.
  • It's not a fix for conditioned insomnia. That's CBT-I's job.
Antihistamines Not for regular use

"PM" pills & diphenhydramine

The drowsy ingredient in most OTC "night" formulas. The evidence base for sleep is thin, and there are real downsides:

  • Tolerance builds within days — it stops working fast.
  • Next-day grogginess and a "hangover" are common.
  • Strong anticholinergic action — a concern for cognition with regular use, especially in older adults.
Z-drugs & benzos Short-term, with care

Zolpidem, and the older sedatives

Prescription hypnotics can work in the short term, but they're a managed tool, not a habit:

  • Dependence and tolerance with ongoing use.
  • Raised falls and fracture risk, particularly in older adults.
  • They sedate, but degrade sleep architecture — you lose quality even as you lose consciousness.
  • Benzodiazepines aren't recommended first-line at all.

The honest bottom line: for chronic trouble, CBT-I plus the protocol you're building tonight outperforms anything in the pharmacy over the long run — and keeps working after you stop.

The Morrow Protocol

Five moves, every day

Before each reveal — ask the room to predict it. Tap a card to open.

01
Morning anchor
View sunlight within 30–60 minutes of waking — 10 to 30 minutes outdoors. This cortisol pulse sets the clock (Process C) for the whole day.
Tap to reveal
02
Caffeine cutoff
Stop caffeine 10–12 hours before bed. You just saw why: half of it is still on board six hours later.
Tap to reveal
03
The sanctuary
Bedroom cool — 18 °C — and pitch black. Core temperature must drop ~1 °C to initiate and hold deep sleep.
Tap to reveal
04
Digital sunset
Dim overhead lights and drop the screens two hours before bed. Protect melatonin like it's a prescription.
Tap to reveal
05
Radical consistency
Same wake time every single day, ± 30 minutes — weekends included. The most powerful habit on this list.
Tap to reveal
Skills demo · Practise together

Down-regulate, on demand

Two toolkits for the racing body and the racing mind. We practise each one now, in the room.

Ready
0 cycles · aim for ~15 (3 min)

Extending the exhale activates the parasympathetic "rest and digest" branch via the vagus nerve, slowing heart rate and signalling safety. Aim for 5–6 breaths a minute, 3–5 minutes before bed.

Technique 1

The 2-minute brain dump

Rumination at bedtime keeps the prefrontal cortex chewing on open loops. Writing tomorrow's tasks and worries down tells the brain they're saved — so it can stop holding them. In one study, a 5-minute pre-sleep to-do list measurably shortened time to fall asleep (Scullin et al., 2018).

Technique 2

RAIN — for a hyperaroused mind

When you're wired and can't switch off, fighting the feeling makes it louder. RAIN is a four-step mindfulness sequence that lets the nervous system settle instead of escalating. Tap through it together.

R
Recognise
A
Allow
I
Investigate
N
Nurture
Recognise what's here

Notice and name the feeling, plainly. Naming it engages the thinking brain and takes the edge off the alarm.

"Right now I'm feeling… anxious about tomorrow."
Round 3 · If–then

Plan for the night that goes wrong

Pick a card. The team answers first: "If this happens, then I will…" — then flip for the protocol. A good answer earns the point.

Family
Your child wakes you at 3 a.m. You're up 20 minutes settling them.
Team answers first · tap to flip
The protocol

Attend to them with every light dim (< 5 lux), no screens, no clock-checking. Back in bed: lie still, paced breathing until sleepy. Dimness keeps melatonin intact.

Social
Dinner with friends — two glasses of wine, home at midnight.
Team answers first · tap to flip
The protocol

Accept REM takes a hit tonight. Hydrate before bed. Keep tomorrow's wake time anyway — don't sleep in. One anchored morning rescues the whole week.

Work
Deadline stress. You're in bed, mind racing through tomorrow.
Team answers first · tap to flip
The protocol

Out of bed if awake past ~20 min — the bed must mean sleep, not worry. Brain-dump the list on paper, dim light, return only when sleepy. RAIN if the body is wired.

Travel
You land in London Thursday — 7 hours behind Singapore.
Team answers first · tap to flip
The protocol

Light is the lever: get outside at destination morning immediately. Melatonin ≤ 0.5 mg if used at all. Naps under 20 min to bridge — never longer.

The classic
It's 11:40 p.m. You've been in bed 30 minutes. Wide awake.
Team answers first · tap to flip
The protocol

Don't force it — effort creates performance anxiety. Get up, read fiction in dim light, return when sleepy. Trust adenosine: the pressure is building either way.

Build your plan

Your 90-minute descent

Tap to build your wind-down, then commit to the two anchors that matter most. Copy this onto your commitment card before we move to the studio.

T − 90 min

Deactivation

Finish all exercise
Last caffeine long gone
Dim overhead lights
Thermostat → 18 °C
Kitchen closed
T − 60 min

Transition

Screens off / night mode
2-min brain dump
Light stretch or yoga
Take Mg / glycine / theanine
Warm shower
T − 30 min

Wind-down

Lamps or candlelight only
Read fiction
Paced breathing 4/6
RAIN if stressed
Bedroom only when sleepy
Paced breathing 4-in / 6-out
Physiological sigh ×3
2-minute brain dump
RAIN reflection

My sleep plan

  • Wake time: 06:30 every day, ± 30 min — weekends included
  • Evening skill (2 weeks):
  • T−90:
  • T−60:
  • T−30:
To the studio

Restorative yoga — the practical

We finish on the mat. These are the four poses our instructor will guide you through — each one a tool you can use tonight.

🧱
Legs up the wallViparita Karani · 5 minutesDrains venous pooling, drops heart rate. The single best pre-bed pose.Tap to see the position
🌙
Child's poseBalasana · 2–3 minutesGently compresses the abdomen, slows the breath, quiets the senses.Tap to see the position
🌀
Supine twistSupta Matsyendrasana · 2 minutes per sideReleases the spine and lower-back tension that keeps you shifting at night.Tap to see the position
🕯️
Savasana+ paced breathing · 5 minutesPair it with tonight's 4-in / 6-out rhythm. This is your new pre-sleep ritual.Tap to see the position

"Sleep is the single most effective thing we can do to reset our brain and body health each day."Matthew Walker · Why We Sleep

← → to navigate
MORROW × Dr Ari Sahebkashaf, Longevity Physician — Metabolic Reset · Session 4: Sleep